Mean values (± standard deviations) of microbial parameters in the surface waters of the study areas.

aUnit of abundance: cells ml−1. Abbreviations: Proc, Prochlorococcus; Syn, Synechococcus; Euk, picoeukaryotes; HetProk, heterotrophic prokaryotes; HFV, higher fluorescence virus; LFV, low fluorescence virus; HTP, the percent of HFV to total viruses; HVEukR, the ratio of HFV and picoeukaryotes abundance; LVProkR, the ratio of LFV and prokaryotic abundance; VPR, the ratio of total viruses and picoplankton abundance.*indicated the parameters for Coastal/shelf/upwelling and gyres are statistically different (independent t test, PMean values (± standard deviations) of microbial parameters in the surface waters of the study areas.