Data from: Efficacy of multiple defences of mimics from the golden mimicry complex against two predators

Many prey species employ multiple defences during interactions with
predators. Multiple defences can provide a selective advantage against a
single predator at different stages of the interaction or attack, as well
as against multiple predator types. However, the efficacy of multiple
defences both during different sequences of an attack and against multiple
predator types, remains poorly understood. We measured and classified
defensive traits used by five mimics (Müllerian and Batesian) of the
myrmecomorphic golden mimicry complex and one non-mimetic species. We then
performed predatory trials using two different predators that differed
markedly in their body size, trophic specialisation, and how they handle
prey – one being an ant specialist (spider) and the other a generalist
which avoided ants (skink). We identified 12 defensive traits and
classified them into four groups (primary, chemical, mechanical,
behavioural), which were strongly correlated. Skinks were much less likely
to attack and capture mimics than the ant-eating spider predators. Our
results show that multiple defences (five or six) were used against each
predator. The defensive behaviours and features that were most effective
against skinks included appendage waving and large body size, whereas the
golden ‘shine’ warning signal, large body size, cuticle thickness, and
defensive gland size were most effective against spiders. Most defences
appeared to be predator-specific. We conclude that potential prey in the
golden mimicry complex have been selected for multiple defences because of
their vulnerability to different predator types and consequently, the
efficacy of some of these defences likely represents a trade-off.