Model 1 — Risk factors associated with Avian Influenza type H9N2 infection on commercial poultry farms in Pakistan based on a backward manual stepwise selection process on all variables available in Table 1.

R2 = 0.365 (out of a possible 0.5)aThe odds of being near the other commercial farmb The odds of being near the case/other infected farmcThe odds of having history of infection with IBD for case was 3.20 (95% CI: 1.29–8.14) times greater than the odds of exposure in the control farm.dThe odds of selling the birds/and or eggs directly to live bird retail shops was 7.69 (CI 95%: 2.02–29.3) times more than the odds of exposure in the control farms.Model 1 — Risk factors associated with Avian Influenza type H9N2 infection on commercial poultry farms in Pakistan based on a backward manual stepwise selection process on all variables available in Table 1.