On the performance of the NMC 9-Layer Global Prediction Model without the material-surface tropopause

"The use of baroclinic primitive equation prediction models in numerical weather prediction and general circulation studies began nearly 20 years ago and has become quite widespread. Most of the models have used pressure normalized by surface pressure as the vertical coordinate (Phillips, 1957). In this formulation, the lowest coordinate surface (pressure at the model terrain level) and the uppermost coordinate surface (usually corresponding to p=O) are material surfaces: i.e., no exchange of substance is permitted across the surface"--Introduction. Ronald D. McPherson, Glenn E. Rasch. "August 1977." "This is an unreviewed manuscript, primarily intended for informal exchange of information among NMC staff members." System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Includes bibliographical references (page 4). 1977 NWS (National Weather Service) Library Public Domain 1931