Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Cohort.

All these subjects had ≥10 pack yr smoking histories. ICS  =  inhaled corticosteroid use; past oral steroids  =  oral steroid use within the preceding six months (none were currently taking oral steroids); FEV1% predicted  =  forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration as percentages of predicted values; FEV1/FVC  =  ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity; DLCO% predicted  =  diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide as percentages of predicted values; Obstructed  =  subjects with spirometric findings of expiratory airflow obstruction (i.e., COPD); Emphysema  =  subjects with emphysema on CT scan; p values are for nonparametric comparisons of smokers who do not have anti-GRP78 IgG autoantibodies (GRP78−) vs. subjects who have these autoantibodies (GRP78+); NS  =  not significant. * denotes data are depicted as mean ± standard errors.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Cohort.