Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Cohort.

All these subjects had ≥10 pack yr smoking histories. ICS = inhaled corticosteroid use; past oral steroids = oral steroid use within the preceding six months (none were currently taking oral steroids); FEV1% predicted = forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration as percentages of predicted values; FEV1/FVC = ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity; DLCO% predicted = diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide as percentages of predicted values; Obstructed = subjects with spirometric findings of expiratory airflow obstruction (i.e., COPD); Emphysema = subjects with emphysema on CT scan; p values are for nonparametric comparisons of smokers who do not have anti-GRP78 IgG autoantibodies (GRP78−) vs. subjects who have these autoantibodies (GRP78+); NS = not significant. * denotes data are depicted as mean ± standard errors. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Cohort.