Variables Utilized in This Study

The study examined how expansions in urban public surveillance affect residents’ perceptions of safety and fear of crime. The findings indicate that greater surveillance is associated with higher perceived safety and reduced fear, with benefits concentrated among registered local residents. Among migrants, improvements arise only when surveillance is paired with strong social ties, especially neighborhood ties. The impact of surveillance also varies with weather conditions and the inclusiveness of the urban environment. Overall, public security technology can bolster feelings of safety, but its effects depend on human and institutional contexts. The uploaded data include some publicly available city-level data, as well as the CLDS-related variables used in our study.