Comparison Of Friction Properties Among Diverse Conventional-Ligating Lingual Bracket Systems According To Tooth Displacement During Leveling And Alignment: An In Vitro Mechanical Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of tooth displacement on frictional force when conventional-ligating lingual brackets (CL-LB), CL-LBs with narrow bracket width and customized CL-LBs were used with leveling/alignment wire. CL-LBs (7^thGeneration), CL-LBs with narrow bracket width (STb) and customized CL-LBs (Incognito) were tested under three conditions of tooth displacement [no displacement (control); 1mm palatal displacement (PD) of the maxillary right lateral incisor (MXLI); and 1mm gingival displacement (GD) of the maxillary right canine (MXC)](9 groups, <em>n</em>=6 per group). Static (SFF) and kinetic frictional forces (KFF) were measured in a stereolithographic typodont system and artificial saliva while drawing a 0.016-inch copper or super-elastic nickel-titanium archwire at a speed of 0.5 mm/min for 5 minutes at 36.5°C.