The Probiotic L. casei Zhang Slows the Progression of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease

Mice received a daily oral gavage of normal saline (Sham and I/R group) or L. casei Zhang (Lac.z) or L. acidophilus (Lact) for 4 weeks (1*1e9 CFU per day) prior to being subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury. After depleting the original intestinal flora using broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) for 4 weeks, mice received a daily oral gavage of normal saline (Sham and I/R group) or L. acidophilus (Lact) or L. casei Zhang (Lac.z) for 4 weeks (1*1e9 CFU per day) prior to being subjected to I/R-induced injury. Time-related comparison from AKI (day (d) 5) and CKD (d28) following I/R injury. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal samples at day 5 and day 28 after I/R.