"Table 8" of "Properties of jet fragmentation using charged particles measured with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

CERN-LHC. This paper presents a measurement of quantities related to the formation of jets from high energy quarks and gluons (fragmentation). Jets with $100$ GeV $ 500$ MeV~and $|\eta| < 2.5$~are used to probe the detailed structure of the jet. The fragmentation properties of the more forward and the more central of the leading two jets from each event are studied. The data are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and acceptance effects. Comparisons to parton shower Monte Carlo generators indicate that existing models provide a reasonable description of the data across a wide range of phase space, but there are also significant differences. Furthermore, the data are interpreted in the context of quark- and gluon-initiated jets by exploiting the rapidity dependence of the jet flavor fraction. A first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity using model-independent jet labels (topic modeling) provides a promising alternative to traditional quark- and gluon- extractions using simulation input. The simulations provide a reasonable description of the quark-like data across the jet $p_\text{T}$ range presented in this measurement, but the gluon-like data have systematically fewer charged particles than the simulations. Uncertainties are broken down by category and should be treated as fully correlated between bins and between observables except for statistical uncertainties.CERN-LHC。本研究针对高能夸克与胶子演化形成喷注（jet）的相关物理量开展测量（该过程称为碎裂（fragmentation））。选取横向动量$p_ ext{T}$介于100吉电子伏特（GeV）至500吉电子伏特之间、快度绝对值$|eta| < 2.5$的喷注，用于探测喷注的精细结构。本研究分析每个事件中前导双喷注里更靠前向与更中心的喷注的碎裂特性。对实验数据开展解卷处理，以修正探测器分辨率与接收度效应带来的影响。与部分子喷注蒙特卡洛（parton shower Monte Carlo）发生器的模拟结果对比显示，现有模型可在较宽相空间范围内较好地描述实验数据，但二者间仍存在显著差异。此外，本研究借助喷注味组分的快度依赖性，将数据按夸克引发与胶子引发喷注的框架进行诠释。首次采用与模型无关的喷注标记方法（主题建模（topic modeling））实现带电粒子多重数测量，为传统基于模拟输入的夸克与胶子喷注甄别方法提供了极具前景的替代方案。模拟结果可在本次测量给出的喷注横向动量区间内较好地描述类夸克数据，但类胶子数据的带电粒子多重数系统性低于模拟结果。不确定度按类别划分，除统计不确定度外，各数据区间（bin）间与各观测量间的不确定度均视为完全相关。