Data from: Mobility of phosphine-susceptible and -resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) after exposure to controlled release materials with existing and novel active ingredients

Data collected by Sabita Ranabhat from early Sep 2020 - Jun 2021. It consists of two experiments: one evaluating mobility of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica after exposure to differently formulated controlled release materials for 0-60 min, and a second experiment looking at median lethal time after exposure to cheesecloth treated with permethrin, deltamethrin, indoxacarb, and dinotefuran between 0-168 h. Tested strains include phosphine-resistant and phosphine-susceptible populations. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Mobility experiment data . File Name: ranabhat_mobility_data_ag_data_commons.csvResource Description: Treatments
Two different controlled release materials (CRMs) were used, including insecticide netting and insecticide-incorporated packaging. In total, there were six treatments, including: packaging (Vestergaard SA., Lausanne, Switzerland) with either 0.1% (w/w AI) indoxacarb, 0.1% permethrin, or 0.2% dinotefuran, or no AI but identical physical properties, and long-lasting insecticide-incorporated polyethylene netting (2 × 2 mm mesh, Vestergaard SA., Lausanne, Switzerland) with 0.4% deltamethrin, or control netting without insecticide but otherwise identical in physical properties. These were used with the movement assay.
Mixed-sex adult beetles were exposed to the CRMs mentioned above. Cohorts of 5–20 adults were exposed for 0.5, 2, or 60-min interval on CRMs affixed to a 24 × 24 cm2 petri dish in the laboratory. After exposure, effects of the insecticides on adults were assessed either immediately or after held for 24 or 168 h in petri dishes under the same environmental chamber conditions as the colonies but without supplemental food, and then assayed using the video-tracking system described below. The movement of adults was tracked in six individual petri dishes (100 × 15 mm D: H) with a piece of filter paper (85 mm D, Grade 1, GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom) lining the bottom for 1 h using a network camera (GigE, Basler AG, Ahrenburg, Germany) affixed 80 cm above the dishes. The petri dishes were backlit using a LED light box (42 × 30 cm W:L, LPB3, Litup, Shenzhen, China) to increase contrast and affixed in place with white foam board.
Video was streamed to a computer and processed in Ethovision (v.14.0, Noldus Inc., Leesburg, VA). The program automatically calculated the total distance moved (cm) and the mean instantaneous velocity (cm/s) over the 1-h period for each adult. An input filter was created that specific distance was only accumulated if it was less than the length of two beetles (~8 mm) per 0.03 s to avoid cursor bounce. Each adult was considered a replicate and was never used more than once. Only adults classified as alive or affected (as defined in Morrison et al. 2018) were used in the assay. Briefly, alive adults were defined as moving with normal speed and activity and able to right themselves if flipped, while affected adults exhibited sluggish or drunken movements, could not right themselves if flipped, and some or all of their limbs exhibited twitching. Dead adults were completely immobile. In total, 15 replicates were performed per treatment combination, translating to 97,200 min of video for a total of 1,620 adults tested for each species.
Resource Software Recommended: Excel,url: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel Resource Title: Lethality data on cheesecloth experiment - Tribolium castaneum . File Name: ranabhat_lethality_cheesecloth_exp_tc_ag_data_commons.csvResource Description: In order to evaluate whether the CRMs be more effective at higher concentrations of each AI, we used cheesecloth (100 % cotton, Loins Services, Inc. Charlotte, NC) as a common CRM surrogate material sprayed with technical grade AIs dissolved with acetone. We prepared solutions (containing 1% of each AI above) with each technical grade insecticide in acetone (Table 1) and sprayed 2 ml of each insecticide solution uniformly on glass petri dishes (5 cm diameter) containing a 4.8 cm diameter piece cheesecloth by using an artist’s airbrush sprayer (Badger 100 series, Badger Corporation, Franklin Park, IL, US) which is commonly used in stored product insect research (e.g. Arthur and Morrison 2020; Morrison et al. 2021). A 1% concentration of AI was used to approximate the far higher concentration of AI in commercially available incorporated long-lasting materials compared to the concentration typically used in direct spray applications. The insecticide-treated cheesecloth was allowed to dry at room temperature overnight (~18 h) inside a fume hood to avoid affecting the behavior of insects.
Cohorts of 20 mixed-sex (~1:1 M: F sex ratio) adult beetles were exposed continuously up to 96 h or 1 weeks in the laboratory on cheesecloth (e.g., as an absorptive CRM surrogate material) at constant conditions (27.5° ± 0.1 C, 65% RH, 14:10 L:D) in an environmental chamber. Exposure times were added iteratively at the same 1% concentration to yield a sufficient number of points to calculate median lethal time (LT50) up to 1 week (Supplemental Table 1). At each time point, the condition of insects was checked, and rated as alive, affected, or dead condition for each of the different treatments. Dead insects were completely immobile, even after prodding, and were removed from the tested arenas, but retained in analyses. There were 4 replicate cohorts for each treatment combination of insecticide, exposure, phosphine susceptibility, and species.
Resource Software Recommended: Excel,url: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel Resource Title: Lethality data on cheesecloth experiment - Rhyzopertha dominica. File Name: ranabhat_lethality_cheesecloth_exp_rd_ag_data_commons.csvResource Description: In order to evaluate whether the CRMs be more effective at higher concentrations of each AI, we used cheesecloth (100 % cotton, Loins Services, Inc. Charlotte, NC) as a common CRM surrogate material sprayed with technical grade AIs dissolved with acetone. We prepared solutions (containing 1% of each AI above) with each technical grade insecticide in acetone (Table 1) and sprayed 2 ml of each insecticide solution uniformly on glass petri dishes (5 cm diameter) containing a 4.8 cm diameter piece cheesecloth by using an artist’s airbrush sprayer (Badger 100 series, Badger Corporation, Franklin Park, IL, US) which is commonly used in stored product insect research (e.g. Arthur and Morrison 2020; Morrison et al. 2021). A 1% concentration of AI was used to approximate the far higher concentration of AI in commercially available incorporated long-lasting materials compared to the concentration typically used in direct spray applications. The insecticide-treated cheesecloth was allowed to dry at room temperature overnight (~18 h) inside a fume hood to avoid affecting the behavior of insects.
Cohorts of 20 mixed-sex (~1:1 M: F sex ratio) adult beetles were exposed continuously up to 96 h or 1 weeks in the laboratory on cheesecloth (e.g., as an absorptive CRM surrogate material) at constant conditions (27.5° ± 0.1 C, 65% RH, 14:10 L:D) in an environmental chamber. Exposure times were added iteratively at the same 1% concentration to yield a sufficient number of points to calculate median lethal time (LT50) up to 1 week (Supplemental Table 1). At each time point, the condition of insects was checked, and rated as alive, affected, or dead condition according to the definitions in (Morrison et al. 2018) for each of the different treatments. Dead insects were completely immobile, even after prodding, and were removed from the tested arenas, but retained in analyses. There were 4 replicate cohorts for each treatment combination of insecticide, exposure, phosphine susceptibility, and species. Resource Software Recommended: Excel,url: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel

本数据集由Sabita Ranabhat于2020年9月至2021年6月期间收集。数据集包含两个实验：其一评估了 Tribolium castaneum 和 Rhyzopertha dominica 在接触不同配方的缓释材料（0-60分钟）后的移动性；其二则研究了暴露于经吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯、氟虫腈和丁醚菊酯处理的纱布（0-168小时）后的中位致死时间。测试的菌株包括对磷化氢具有抗性的和易感的种群。数据集中包含的资源包括：

资源标题：移动性实验数据。文件名：ranabhat_mobility_data_ag_data_commons.csv
资源描述：实验处理包括两种不同的缓释材料（CRM），包括杀虫剂网和杀虫剂浸渍包装。总共有六种处理方式，包括：使用0.1%（w/w AI）氟虫腈、0.1%吡虫啉或0.2%丁醚菊酯的包装（Vestergaard SA.，洛桑，瑞士），或不含AI但具有相同物理性质的包装，以及具有0.4%高效氯氰菊酯的耐久性杀虫剂浸渍聚乙烯网（2×2毫米网眼，Vestergaard SA.，洛桑，瑞士），或无杀虫剂的对照网，在物理性质上与上述材料相同。这些材料与运动测定相结合使用。雌雄混合的成年甲虫被暴露于上述CRM中。5-20只成虫的队列在实验室中，将CRM固定在24×24平方厘米的培养皿上，暴露于0.5、2或60分钟的间隔中。暴露后，在相同的环境室条件下，将培养皿中的甲虫保持24或168小时，不提供额外食物，然后使用下述的视频跟踪系统进行评估。使用网络摄像头（GigE，Basler AG，Ahrenburg，德国）在80厘米处固定，并在底部铺有滤纸（85毫米直径，Grade 1，GE Healthcare，白金汉郡，英国）的六个单独的培养皿中跟踪成年甲虫的运动，持续1小时。使用LED灯箱（42×30厘米宽：长，LPB3，Litup，深圳，中国）背光，以提高对比度，并使用白色泡沫板固定。视频流传输到计算机，并在Ethovision（v.14.0，Noldus Inc.，Leesburg，VA）中处理。程序自动计算每个成年甲虫在1小时内的总移动距离（厘米）和平均瞬时速度（厘米/秒）。创建了一个输入过滤器，只有当距离小于两只甲虫（约8毫米）长度的两倍，且每0.03秒内时，才会累计距离，以避免光标跳动。每个成年甲虫被视为一个重复，且从未被重复使用。只有被分类为存活或受影响的（如Morrison等人2018年所述）成年甲虫才用于实验。简而言之，存活成年甲虫被定义为以正常速度和活动能力移动，并且在翻转时能够自行翻正，而受影响成年甲虫表现出迟缓或醉酒般的运动，翻转时不能自行翻正，并且某些或所有肢体出现抽搐。死亡的成年甲虫完全不动。每种处理组合进行了15个重复，总计97,200分钟的录像，对每种物种进行了1,620只成年甲虫的测试。

资源推荐的软件：Excel，网址：https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel
资源标题：奶酪布实验中的致死性数据 - Tribolium castaneum。文件名：ranabhat_lethality_cheesecloth_exp_tc_ag_data_commons.csv
资源描述：为了评估CRM是否在每种AI的高浓度下更有效，我们使用100%棉的奶酪布（Loins Services，Inc.夏洛特，NC）作为CRM的通用代用材料，用丙酮溶解的技术级AI喷洒。我们制备了含有上述每种AI 1%浓度的溶液，并使用艺术家气雾喷枪（Badger 100系列，Badger Corporation，弗兰克林公园，IL，美国）将每种技术级杀虫剂2毫升均匀地喷洒在含有4.8厘米直径奶酪布的玻璃培养皿（直径5厘米）上，该喷枪通常用于储藏产品害虫研究（例如Arthur和Morrison 2020；Morrison等人2021）。使用1%的AI浓度来近似商业可用长期材料中AI的浓度，与直接喷洒应用中通常使用的浓度相比，要高得多。将杀虫剂处理的奶酪布在通风柜中室温下过夜（约18小时）干燥，以避免影响昆虫的行为。

20只雌雄混合的成年甲虫队列（约1:1的性别比）在实验室中连续暴露于奶酪布上（例如，作为吸收性CRM代用材料），在恒温箱中恒定条件下（27.5°±0.1°C，65%RH，14:10L:D）暴露，持续时间为96小时或1周。以相同的1%浓度逐步增加暴露时间，以获得足够的数据点来计算中位致死时间（LT50），直至1周（补充表1）。在每个时间点检查昆虫的状态，并根据Morrison等人2018年的定义，对每种不同处理方式下的昆虫进行存活、受影响或死亡状态的评级。死亡的昆虫在受到刺激后仍然完全不动，并被从测试区域移除，但在分析中保留。每种杀虫剂、暴露、磷化氢敏感性和物种的处理组合都有4个重复队列。

资源推荐的软件：Excel，网址：https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel