THE GROWTH OF URBAN CULTURE AND TRADE CENTERS IN WESTERN EUROPE DURING THE 10TH–15TH CENTURIES

This article analyzes the formation and development of urban culture in Western Europe during the 10th–15th centuries, as well as the processes of growth of trade centers. The study highlights the economic, social, and cultural foundations of urbanization and examines, on a scientific basis, the transformation of cities into centers of trade, craftsmanship, and cultural exchange. It also explores the expansion of trade routes and the emergence of fairs and trade unions as key factors in the formation of the European economic space.