NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) I-M and N-P Series Sounder Data

The NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series provides continuous measurements of the atmosphere and surface over the Western Hemisphere. The GOES satellites circle the Earth in a geosynchronous orbit, which means they orbit the equatorial plane of the Earth at a speed matching the Earth's rotation. This orbit allows them to hover continuously over one position on the surface of the Earth. The geosynchronous plane is about 35,800 km (22,300 miles) above the Earth, high enough to allow the satellites a full-disc view of the Earth. The GOES-East satellite is positioned over the equator at 75 degrees West longitude, and the GOES-West satellite is positioned at 135 degrees West longitude. The GOES Sounder measures emitted radiation in 18 thermal infrared bands that are sensitive to temperature, moisture, ozone, and reflected solar radiation in one visible band. The spatial resolution is 8 km with 13 bit data transmitted to the GOES receiving facilities. GOES data are used by researchers for understanding interactions between land, ocean, atmosphere, and climate. GOES Variable (GVAR) format is the data transmission format used to broadcast environmental data measured by the independent GOES Imager and Sounder instruments, beginning with GOES-8 launched in 1994. Data distribution formats available to users are raw, AREA, NetCDF, GIF, and JPEG.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的地球同步轨道运行环境卫星（GOES）系列，持续对西半球的大气及地表进行测量。GOES卫星沿地球同步轨道环绕地球，这意味着它们以与地球自转速度相匹配的速度环绕地球赤道平面，从而使得卫星能够持续地悬停在地球表面的一个特定位置。地球同步轨道位于地球表面约35,800公里（22,300英里）的高度，足够高以便卫星能够获得地球的全景视图。GOES-东卫星位于西经75度的赤道上空，而GOES-西卫星则位于西经135度。GOES声谱仪测量在18个热红外波段中发射的辐射，这些波段对温度、湿度、臭氧以及一个可见波段中的反射太阳辐射敏感。其空间分辨率为8公里，通过13比特数据传输至GOES接收设施。GOES数据被研究人员用于理解陆地、海洋、大气和气候之间的相互作用。GOES可变格式（GVAR）是自1994年发射的GOES-8以来，独立GOES成像仪和声谱仪所测量的环境数据广播所使用的传输格式。用户可用的数据分发格式包括原始数据、区域数据、NetCDF、GIF和JPEG格式。