Three mitochondrial genomes of early-winged insects (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae and Leptophlebiidae)

Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are a semi-aquatic insect order with comparatively few genomic data available despite their phylogenetic position at the root of the winged-insects and possession of ancestral traits. Here, we provide three mitochondrial genomes (mtgenomes) from representatives of the two most species-rich families, <i>Baetis rutilocylindratus</i> and <i>Cloeon dipterum</i> (Baetidae), and <i>Habrophlebiodes zijinensis</i> (Leptophlebiidae). All mtgenomes had a complete set of 13 protein-coding genes and a conserved orientation except for two inverted tRNAs in <i>H. zijinensis.</i> Phylogenetic reconstructions using 21 mayfly mtgenomes and representatives of seven additional orders recovered both Baetidae and Leptophlebiidae as well supported monophyletic clades, with Ephemeroptera as the sister-taxon to all other winged insects (i.e. Odonata and Neoptera).