Relationship between gastrointestinal disturbances, blood lipid levels, inflammatory markers, and preterm birth

The challenging incidence of preterm birth, the underlying causes of preterm birth remain unclear. This study determined the relationship between disturbed gastrointestinal symptoms, inflammatory markers, blood lipid levels, and preterm birth.
One hundred and twenty pregnant women with preterm labour were compared to 120 pregnant women with full-term deliveries. All subjects underwent lactose breath and serologic testing. The correlation between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)-positivity, gastrointestinal symptoms, inflammatory factors, and blood lipid metabolism and preterm birth was analysed using the Spearman method.
SIBO, hydrogen, and methane levels were significantly higher in the preterm birth (PTB) group than the full-term birth (FTB) group at different time points (P < 0.05); Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (3.95[2.70–5.77] vs. 2.47[1.45–3.83]), Interleukin (IL)-10 (3.05[2.27–4.33] vs. 2.09[1.04–3.47]), IL-6 (5.23[3.95–8.50] vs. 2.98[2.22–4.44]), tumour necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α) (3.23[1.55–4.90] vs. 1.76[0.98–3.10]), total cholesterol (TC) (5.52[4.97–5.95] vs. 5.24[4.73–5.85]), and triglycerides (TG) (2.58[2.04–3.53] vs. 2.24[1.59–3.05]) were significantly higher in the PTB group than the FTB group (P < 0.05). Abdominal distension (2.67[1.67–3.00] vs. 2.33[1.67–2.67]) and constipation (2.00[1.33–2.00] vs. 1.67[1.33–2.00]) scores were also markedly higher in the PTB group than the FTB group (P < 0.05). Preterm birth was positively correlated with SIBO, TC, and TG levels. Additionally, SIBO was positively correlated with hs-CRP, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, abdominal distension, and constipation (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis found the close association between positive SIBO, biochemistry indicators and preterm birth.
Gastrointestinal disturbances, hyperlipidaemia and SIBO-positivity are more likely to occur among pregnant women with preterm labour. Further research with a large sample size in multi-centers is needed to validate the results.
This study aims to explore the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, blood lipid levels, and premature birth between120 pregnant women with premature labour and 120 with full-term delivery. From the clinical data and laboratory tests results, this study finds that, women who experienced preterm labour are more likely to develop small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which may contribute to premature delivery by inducing inflammatory responses and exacerbating gastrointestinal discomfort. Additionally, hyperlipidaemia increases the risk of preterm birth.