HEMODYNAMIC IMPACT OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IN CHILDREN

Cardiac arrhythmias in children represent a clinically significant group of disorders that may range from benign rhythm variations to life-threatening conditions. Their hemodynamic consequences depend on heart rate, rhythm regularity, atrioventricular synchrony, and underlying cardiac structure. Even transient rhythm disturbances can significantly reduce cardiac output in pediatric patients due to their limited cardiovascular compensatory reserve. This article reviews the mechanisms by which arrhythmias affect hemodynamics in children, emphasizing clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management principles.