ESS11

The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically driven, cross-national survey, founded in 2001. It has been administered in 40 countries to date. The survey measures the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of diverse populations in more than thirty nations. The main aims of the ESS are to:

• operate a Research Infrastructure providing high quality data measuring change (and stability) over time within and between European countries in their living conditions, social structure, public opinion and attitudes;
• practise and promote the highest scientific standards in cross-national comparative research in the social sciences;
• continue the development of ESS infrastructure through ongoing methodological research and innovation;
• facilitate training in the effective use of ESS data;
• ensure the visibility, accessibility and reach of ESS data among researchers in the social sciences and beyond, policy makers and the wider public, at both the national and international levels.

The survey involves strict random probability sampling, aims for a high response rate and uses rigorous translation protocols.

The 11th ESS round covers 31 countries.

ESS data collection is based on an hour-long face-to-face interview. The survey includes questions on a variety of core topics repeated from previous rounds of the survey and two modules developed for Round 11. These are “Gender in Contemporary Europe: Rethinking Equality and the Backlash” and “Social Inequalities in Health and their Determinants”. The latter is a partial repeat of a module from Round 7.

In ESS11, Czechia was conducted as a self-completion survey. The data and documentation are available in the Country Documentation section for Czechia.

From Round 7 the ESS has been legally established as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). Central costs are funded through ESS ERIC membership fees (Members, Observers and Guests), while costs of fieldwork and national coordination are funded nationally.

欧洲社会调查（European Social Survey, ESS）是一项由学术主导的跨国调查项目，始建于2001年。截至目前，该调查已在40个国家开展实施，旨在衡量三十余个国家中不同人群的态度、信仰与行为模式。

ESS的核心目标如下：
• 搭建研究基础设施，提供高质量数据，以衡量欧洲各国国内及各国间在生活条件、社会结构、公共舆论与态度层面的随时间变化（与稳定性）情况；
• 在社会科学跨国比较研究领域践行并推广最高标准的科学规范；
• 通过持续的方法学研究与创新，不断完善ESS研究基础设施；
• 为相关人员提供ESS数据高效使用的培训支持；
• 确保ESS数据在国家及国际层面，能够被社会科学及其他领域的研究者、政策制定者与广大公众知晓、获取并广泛传播。

本调查采用严格的随机概率抽样方法，设定高应答率目标，并使用严谨的翻译流程规范。

第11轮ESS调查覆盖31个国家。

ESS的数据采集采用时长一小时的面对面访谈形式。调查包含多轮延续的核心议题问卷，以及专为第11轮开发的两个模块：《当代欧洲的性别问题：重新审视平等与反弹效应》与《健康领域的社会不平等及其决定因素》，后者是对第7轮某模块的部分复用。

在第11轮ESS（ESS11）中，捷克采用了自填式调查（self-completion survey）形式，相关数据与文档可在捷克的国家文档板块查阅。

自第7轮起，ESS正式注册为欧洲研究基础设施联盟（European Research Infrastructure Consortium, ERIC）。核心运营经费通过ESS ERIC的会员费（包括正式会员、观察员与特邀嘉宾）拨付，而实地调研与全国协调的相关成本则由各国自行承担。