2013 Global Hunger Index Data

The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger globally and by region and country. Calculated each year by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the GHI highlights successes and failures in hunger reduction and provide insights into the drivers of hunger, and food and nutrition security. The 2013 GHI has been calculated for 120 countries for which data on the three component indicators are available and for which measuring hung er is considered most relevant. The GHI calculation excludes some higher income countries because the prevalence of hunger there is very low. The GHI is only as current as the data for its three component indicators. This year's GHI reflects the most recent available country level data for the three component indicators spanning the period 2008 to 2012. Besides the most recent GHI scores, this dataset also contains the GHI scores for four other reference periods- 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005. A country's GHI score is calculated by averaging the percentage of the population that is undernourished, the percentage of children youn ger than five years old who are underweight, and the percentage of children dying before the age of five. This calculation results in a 100 point scale on which zero is the best score (no hunger) and 100 the worst, although neither of these extremes is reached in practice. The three component indicators used to calculate the GHI scores draw upon data from the following sources: 1. Undernourishment: Updated data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) were used for the 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2013 GHI scores. Undernourishment data for the 2013 GHI are for 2010-2012. 2. Child underweight: The \"child underweight\" component indicator of the GHI scores includes the latest additions to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, and additional data from the joint database by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), WHO and the World Bank; the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey reports; and statistical tables from UNICEF. For the 2013 GHI, data on child underweight are for the latest year for which data are available in the period 2008-2012. 3. Child mortality: Updated data from the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation were used for the 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005, and 2013 GHI scores. For the 2013 GHI, data on child mortality are for 2011.

全球饥饿指数（Global Hunger Index, GHI）是一套用于全面衡量并追踪全球、各区域及各国饥饿状况的标准化工具。该指数由国际粮食政策研究所（International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI）每年测算发布，用于凸显全球饥饿消减工作的成败得失，并为解析饥饿、粮食与营养安全的驱动因素提供实证洞见。

2013年版全球饥饿指数共纳入120个国家，这些国家均拥有三项核心指标的可获取数据，且饥饿状况的测算具备较高现实意义。部分高收入国家因境内饥饿发生率极低，未被纳入本次测算范围。全球饥饿指数的时效性完全依托三项核心指标的最新公开数据。本次2013年版GHI分值所采用的三项核心指标的国家级最新数据，覆盖时段为2008年至2012年。除最新版GHI分值外，本数据集还包含1990年、1995年、2000年及2005年四个参考时段的GHI历史分值。

一国的GHI分值通过三项指标的算术平均值计算得出：人口营养不足率、5岁以下儿童体重不足占比，以及5岁以下儿童死亡率。该测算体系采用百分制评分，0分为最优分值（代表无饥饿状态），100分为最差分值，但实际应用中从未出现这两个极端分值。

用于计算GHI分值的三项核心指标的数据来源如下：
1. 营养不足率：1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年及2013年版GHI的营养不足率数据均采用联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO）的更新数据集。2013年版GHI所使用的营养不足率数据时段为2010年至2012年。
2. 儿童体重不足：GHI分值中的“儿童体重不足”核心指标，其数据来源包括世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）全球儿童生长与营养不良数据库的最新增补内容、联合国儿童基金会（United Nations Children's Fund, UNICEF）、世卫组织与世界银行联合数据库的补充数据、最新的人口与健康调查（Demographic and Health Survey, DHS）及多指标类集调查（Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey）报告，以及联合国儿童基金会的官方统计表格。针对2013年版GHI，儿童体重不足数据采用2008年至2012年时段内可获取的最新年度数据。
3. 儿童死亡率：1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年及2013年版GHI的儿童死亡率数据均采用联合国儿童死亡率估算机构间小组（UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation）的更新数据集。针对2013年版GHI，儿童死亡率数据的覆盖时段为2011年。