Characteristics and Levels of Biomarkers in the Peripheral and Left Atrial Blood in the Study Population According to the Type of Atrial Fibrillation.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-8, interleukin-8; LA, left atrial; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; PeAF, persistent AF; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; vWF, von Willebrand Factor.Values shown are mean±SD, median (25th percentile-75th percentile), or n, % Blood levels of biomarkers were compared using an unpaired t-test after log-transformation of the variables.