ModelE simulation output used in the study "Severe Global Cooling After Volcanic Supereruptions? The Answer Hinges on Unknown Aerosol Size" in Journal of Climate (2024)

The included files are the GISS ModelE output needed to replicate the figures in McGraw et al 2023, "Severe Global Cooling After Volcanic Supereruptions? The Answer Hinges on Unknown Aerosol Size"

Most of the data herein is output from GISS ModelE2.2 simulations that did not include interactive aerosol microphysics and chemistry. Instead, aerosol extinction and effective radius were input into the model from scaled Easy Volcanic Aerosol [Toohey et al, GMD 2016] output, as described in this study's Methods section. To calculate volcanic temperature impacts and forcings at combinations of injected sulfur mass and peak effective radius (Reff) that were not simulated, we used 2D linear interpolation with the scipy function 'Rbf'.

Separately included is output from GISS ModelE2.1 with MATRIX interactive aerosol microphysics and chemistry [Bauer et al, ACP 2008]. Note that the injections were scaled to match that a 6.5 Tg sulfur (S) injection in ModelE2.1/MATRIX best replicated the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and effective radius observations of the 1991 Pinatubo event despite this injection being most commonly considered an 9 Tg S injection. Hence, to produce the 1000 Tg S eruption, a 722 Tg S injected was simulated. Such a mismatch has been found in other GCMs (eg Mills et al, JGRA 2016) and may be due to aerosol quick-removal processes not represented in these models.

Please note that simulated eruption masses are in this dataset listed in units of Tg S, but in the publication are in Tg SO2 (Tg S x 2).

Data from other modeling studies included in Fig. 1 and tree ring estimates in Figs. S2 & S4 can be found within the cited studies.

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