THE CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW SYSTEM OF OROMIA AND TIGRAY REGIONAL STATES AND THE BASIC RULES OF FAIR TRIA

Ethiopia has ratified several human rights instruments that guarantee the right to a fair trial. The federal and regional government organs in the country are bound by the provisions of these instruments. This article examines the compatibility of the constitutional review systems in Oromia and Tigray Regional States with the basic rules of fair trial such as the right to a public hearing before a competent, independent and impartial court or tribunal. Both Oromia and Tigray Regional States empower their respective Constitutional Interpretation Commissions (CIC) and the Councils of Constitutional Inquiry (CCI) to entertain constitutional disputes. Each organ in both regional states is characterized by a centralized non-judicial model of review system. There are several factors that make each reviewing institution less compatible with the elements of the basic rules of fair trial. A careful redesigning of the institutions and recognizing the guarantees of relevant human right instruments adopted by the country is primarily recommended.埃塞俄比亚已批准多项保障公平审判权的人权文书。该国联邦及各地区政府机关均受上述文书条款的约束。本文旨在检视奥罗米亚州（Oromia）与提格雷州（Tigray）的合宪性审查制度，是否符合公平审判的基本准则——包括在合格、独立且中立的法院或法庭前接受公开听证的权利。奥罗米亚州与提格雷州均授权各自的宪法解释委员会（Constitutional Interpretation Commissions, CIC）与宪法调查委员会（Councils of Constitutional Inquiry, CCI）受理宪法争议。两地区的审查机关均采用集中化的非司法型审查模式。存在多项因素导致各审查机构与公平审判基本准则的各项要素兼容性不足。本文建议，首要之举是对相关机构进行审慎重构，并落实该国已批准的相关人权文书所规定的权利保障。