Time series of "Drivers of summer Arctic sea-ice extent at interannual time scale in CMIP6 large ensembles revealed by information flow" (Docquier et al., 2024)

This repository contains the time series of the 5 different large model ensembles as well as observations used in Docquier et al. (2024), Drivers of summer Arctic sea-ice extent at interannual time scale in CMIP6 large ensembles revealed by information flow, Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76056-y.

We also provide the Python script fig1.py to reproduce Fig. 1 of that paper based on the different time series.

In each .npy file, the 8 variables are (by order):

1) September Arctic sea-ice extent (in million km²);

2) March Arctic sea-ice extent (in million km²);

3) March Arctic sea-ice volume (in thousand km³);

4) Annual mean Arctic surface air temperature (in °C);

5) Annual mean Atlantic Ocean heat transport (sum of Barents Sea Opening, Fram Strait and Davis Strait; in TW);

6) Annual mean Pacific Ocean heat transport (Bering Strait; in TW);

7) Annual mean net shortwave radiation (in W/m²);

8) Annual mean downward longwave radiation (in W/m²).

These time series were generated from CMIP6 model outputs available on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) nodes (https://esgf-index1.ceda.ac.uk/search/cmip6-ceda/) for 4 of the models (EC-Earth3, MPI-ESM1.2-LR, CanESM5, ACCESS-ESM1.5) and from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Climate Data Gateway (https://www.earthsystemgrid.org/dataset/ucar.cgd.cesm2le.output.html) for the CESM2 model. Observations were retrieved from different data providers mentioned in the "Data Availability" section of Docquier et al. (2024).

More details about how these data were produced can be found in the "Methods" section of Docquier et al. (2024).