DataSheet_1_Oral Microbiome Analysis in Prospective Genome Cohort Studies of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project.pdf

A baseline oral microbiome study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (TMM) was planned to characterize the profile of the oral microbiome in the Japanese population. The study also aimed to clarify risk factors for multifactorial diseases by integrated analysis of the oral microbiome and host genome/omics information. From 2013 to 2016, we collected three types of oral biospecimens, saliva, supragingival plaque, and tongue swab, from a total of 25,101 participants who had a dental examination in TMM. In this study, we used two independent cohorts; the Community-Based Cohort and Birth and Three-Generation Cohort as discovery and validation cohorts, respectively, and we selected participants examined by a single dentist. We found through the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis of 834 participants of the Community-Based Cohort Study that there are differences in the microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque. The species diversities in both saliva and plaque were increased in correlation with the severity of periodontal disease. These results were nicely reproduced in the analysis of 455 participants of the Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. In addition, strong positive and negative associations of microbial taxa in both plaque and saliva with periodontitis-associated biofilm formation were detected by co-occurrence network analysis. The classes Actinobacteria and Bacilli, including oral health-associated bacterial species, showed a positive correlation in saliva. These results revealed differences in microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque and a correlation between microbial species and the severity of periodontal disease. We expect that the large database of the oral microbiome in the TMM biobank will help in the discovery of novel targets for the treatment and prevention of oral diseases, as well as for the discovery of therapeutic and/or preventive targets of systemic diseases.

本项由东北大学医学巨库组织（TMM）发起的基础口腔微生物群研究旨在描绘日本人群口腔微生物群的轮廓。研究旨在通过整合口腔微生物群与宿主基因组/组学信息的综合分析，阐明多因素疾病的危险因素。自2013年至2016年，我们从在TMM进行牙科检查的25,101名参与者中收集了三种口腔生物样本，包括唾液、龈上菌斑和舌拭子。在本研究中，我们使用了两个独立的队列，即基于社区的队列和出生及三代队列，分别作为发现队列和验证队列，并选择了由同一牙医检查的参与者。通过对基于社区的队列研究的834名参与者的16S核糖体RNA基因测序分析，我们发现唾液与菌斑之间的微生物组成和群落结构存在差异。唾液和菌斑中的物种多样性均与牙周病的严重程度呈正相关。这些结果在出生及三代队列研究的455名参与者的分析中得到了良好重现。此外，通过共现网络分析，在菌斑和唾液中检测到微生物类群与牙周病相关生物膜形成的强烈正相关和负相关。包括与口腔健康相关的细菌物种在内的放线菌门和芽孢杆菌门的类别在唾液中显示出正相关。这些结果揭示了唾液与菌斑之间微生物组成和群落结构的差异，以及微生物物种与牙周病严重程度之间的相关性。我们期望TMM生物库中庞大的口腔微生物群数据库有助于发现治疗和预防口腔疾病的新靶点，以及发现治疗和/或预防系统性疾病的靶点。