Miniaturized spectral sensing with a tunable optoelectronic interface

Reconstructive optoelectronic spectroscopy has generated significant
interest in the miniaturization of traditional spectroscopic tools, such
as spectrometers. However, most state-of-the-art demonstrations face
fundamental limits of rank-deficiency in the photoresponse matrix. In this
work, we demonstrate a miniaturized spectral sensing system using an
electrically tunable compact optoelectronic interface, which generates
distinguishable photoresponses from various input spectra, enabling
accurate spectral identification with a device footprint of 5μm×5μm. We
report narrow-band spectral sensing with peak accuracies of ∼0.19 nm in
free space and ∼2.45 nm on-chip. Additionally, we implement broadband
complex spectral sensing for material identification, applicable to
organic dyes, metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics. This work advances
high-performance, miniaturized optical spectroscopy for both free-space
and on-chip applications, offering cost-effective solutions, broad
applicability, and scalable manufacturing.