Phylogenomics and biogeography of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus Robertson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a revised subgeneric classification of Triepeolus and its sister genus, Epeolus Latreille

Triepeolus Robertson (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae) is the second-largest genus of cleptoparasitic apid bees in the world, but its evolutionary diversification through space and time has not been previously investigated. We present a dated phylogeny based on ultraconserved elements that includes 64 Triepeolus and 21 representative species of all seven other genera in the tribe Epeolini and propose a subgeneric classification for Triepeolus and its sister genus, Epeolus Latreille.