Numerical Optimization of Blast Furnace Geometry for Enhanced Low-Carbon Ironmaking

In summary, this study establishes a systematic methodological framework for BF geometry optimization toward low-carbon ironmaking. It elucidates the mechanisms of chute geometry and furnace profile on blast furnace operation, identifies the critical threshold of volume effects, and develops quantitative correlations between oxygen enrichment and optimized geometric parameters. The proposed “reduction-priority and flow-adaptive” strategy for oxygen blast furnaces not only enriches the theoretical system of low-carbon ironmaking but also provides solid technical support for the steel industry’s low-carbon transition, holding significant implications for advancing the decarbonization of blast furnace technology.