Adaptive laboratory evolution of E. coli OGOR strain with malate and serine

We employ a long term (~184 days) two stage adaptive evolution to convert heterotrophic E. coli into mixotrophic E. coli. In the first stage of evolution with serine, diauxic grow emerges as prominent feature. In the end of the second stage of evolution with malate, the strain exhibits mixotrophy with CO2 as essential substrate for growth. We expect this work will open new possibilities in utilization of OGOR for microbial CO2 assimilation and future hydrogen-based electro-microbial conversion.