SImulation details for Frasson et al. (2025) "Geomagnetic dipole stability and zonal flows controlled by mantle heat flux heterogeneities"

Input and output parameters of the simulations presented in Frasson et al. (2025). Parameters: nu: Viscosity Omega: Rotation rate D: Width of the outer core eta: Magnetic diffusivity g_o: Acceleration of gravity at the top of the core F_i: Buoyancy flux at the bottom of the core kappa: Codensity diffusivity rho_0: Reference outer core density U: RMS flow amplitude B: RMS magnetic field amplitude List of inputs: lmax: Maximum spherical harmonic degree mmax: Maximum spherical harmonic order Nr_OC: Number of nodal points in the radial direction within the outer core Nr_IC: Number of nodal points in the radial direction within the inner core dns: True for direct numerical simulation or False for hyperdiffusive treatment gprof: Radial profile of the acceleration of gravity bc_icb: Flow boundary condition at the ICB bc_cmb: Flow boundary condition at the CMB GC: Gravitational coupling CC: Inner Core conductivity rratio: Aspect ratio of the outer core E: Ekman number E=nu/(Omega*D^2) Pm: Magnetic Prandtl number Pm=nu/eta Ra: Rayleigh number Ra=g_o*F_i*D^2/(4*pi*kappa*nu^2*rho_0) Pr: Prandtl number Pr=nu/kappa pattern: Heterogeneous heat flux pattern at the top of the core dqo/qi: Peak-to-peak amplitude of the heat flux pattern normalized by the ICB heat flux List of outputs: duration (dip. decay time): Duration of the simulation in dipole decay time unit f_dip: Amplitude of the magnetic dipole at the CMB (l=1) relative to the total magnetic field at the CMB E_mag: Magnetic energy E_kin: Kinetic energy M*_Za: Modified energy ratio (see Frasson et al. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae457) ell_u: Characteristic degree of the flow ell_b: Characteristic degree of the magnetic field Ro_l: Local Rossby number Ro_l = U*ell_u/(pi*Omega*D) Rm: Magnetic Reynolds number Elsasser: Elsasser number Elsasser=B^2/(rho_0*Omega*mu_0*eta) Ro_ml: Local magnetic Rossby number (see Soderlund et al. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1081) f_ohm: Fraction of ohmic dissipation Reference: Frasson, T., Schaeffer, N., Nataf, H. C., & Labrosse, S. (2025). Geomagnetic dipole stability and zonal flows controlled by mantle heat flux heterogeneities. Geophysical Journal International, 240(3), 1481-1504.