Gut Methanogen MAGs from Singapore
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Methanogenic Archaea (methanogens) are a phylogenetically diverse group of microorganisms and are considered to be the most abundant archaeal representatives in the human gut. However, the gut methanogen diversity of human populations in many global regions remains poorly investigated. Here, we report the abundance and diversity of gut methanogenic Archaea in a multi-ethnic cohort of healthy Singaporeans by using a concerted approach of metagenomic sequencing, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and quantitative PCR. Our results indicate a mutual exclusion of Methanobrevibacter species, i.e. the highly prevalent Methanobrevibacter smithii and the less prevalent Candidatus Methanobrevibacter intestini in more than 80% of the samples when using an amplicon sequencing-based approach. Leveraging on this finding, we were able to select a fecal sample to isolate a representative strain, TLL-48-HuF1, for Candidatus Methanobrevibacter intestini. The analysed physiological parameters of M. smithii DSM 861T and strain TLL-48-HuF1 suggest high similarity of the two species. Comparative genome analysis and the mutual exclusion of the Methanobrevibacter species indicate potentially different niche adaptation strategies in the human host, which may support the designation of Candidatus M. intestini as a novel species. The deposited data are methanogen MAGs that were obtained through high-throughput sequencing of the samples.
产甲烷古菌（Methanogenic Archaea）是一类系统发育多样的微生物类群，俗名产甲烷菌（methanogens），被认为是人体肠道中丰度最高的古菌代表类群。然而，全球诸多地区的人类群体肠道产甲烷菌多样性仍未得到充分研究。本研究采用宏基因组测序（metagenomic sequencing）、16S rRNA基因扩增子测序（16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing）与定量PCR（quantitative PCR）的联合分析策略，对新加坡多民族健康队列人群的肠道产甲烷古菌丰度与多样性展开系统探究。基于扩增子测序方法，我们在超过80%的样本中发现布氏甲烷杆菌属（Methanobrevibacter）物种存在互斥分布现象：即单一样本中仅能检出高流行的史密斯布氏甲烷杆菌（Methanobrevibacter smithii），或低流行的肠道候选布氏甲烷杆菌（Candidatus Methanobrevibacter intestini）二者之一。依托该发现，我们成功筛选出一份粪便样本，分离得到肠道候选布氏甲烷杆菌的代表性菌株TLL-48-HuF1。对史密斯布氏甲烷杆菌模式菌株DSM 861^T与菌株TLL-48-HuF1的生理参数分析结果显示，二者具有高度相似性。比较基因组分析与布氏甲烷杆菌属物种间的互斥现象表明，二者在人体宿主内可能存在不同的生态位适应策略，这可为将肠道候选布氏甲烷杆菌划定为新物种提供支撑依据。本研究提交的数据集为通过样本高通量测序获得的产甲烷菌宏基因组组装基因组（metagenome-assembled genomes, MAGs）。
