Phthalate/Bisphenol levels standardized in ηmol/g creatinine regressed on the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods (% of total energy intake) using restricted cubic splines.

The values shown on the x-axis correspond to the 5th, 27.5th, 50th, 72.5th, and 95th centiles for percentage of total energy from ultra-processed foods (knots). All regressions were adjusted for cycle, sex, age group (6 to 11, 12 to 19, +20), race/ethnicity (Mexican American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Other Race), ratio of family income to poverty (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program 0.00–1.30, >1.30–3.50 and >3.50 and over), energy intake above recommended levels (y/n), BMI (underweight, normoweight, overweight, obesity), physical activity (low, medium, high) and current smoking (y/n).

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): Wald test for linear term p = 0.354; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.4203).

Di-isononyl phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): There was little evidence of non-linearity in the restricted cubic spline model (Wald test for linear term p = 0.005; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.3945).

Mono(carboxynonyl) Phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): There was evidence of non-linearity in the restricted cubic spline model (Wald test for linear term p = 0.031; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.4646).

Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): Wald test for linear term p = 0.056; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.4721.

Mono-benzyl phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): Wald test for linear term p = 0.276; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.1786.

BPA: Wald test for linear term p = 0.177; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.3955.

BPF: Wald test for linear term p = 0.493; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.2131.

BPS: Wald test for linear term p = 0.318; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.7867.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): Wald test for linear term p = 0.354; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.4203).
Di-isononyl phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): There was little evidence of non-linearity in the restricted cubic spline model (Wald test for linear term p = 0.005; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.3945).
Mono(carboxynonyl) Phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): There was evidence of non-linearity in the restricted cubic spline model (Wald test for linear term p = 0.031; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.4646).
Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): Wald test for linear term p = 0.056; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.4721.
Mono-benzyl phthalate (nmol/g creatinine): Wald test for linear term p = 0.276; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.1786.
BPA: Wald test for linear term p = 0.177; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.3955.
BPF: Wald test for linear term p = 0.493; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.2131.
BPS: Wald test for linear term p = 0.318; Wald test for all non-linear terms p = 0.7867.
(XLSX)