Virome sequencing in the feces from healthy and pancreatitis mice.

Bacteriophages (phages) are imported contributors to intestinal micro-ecosystem. However, without the involvement of their bacterial host, the directly contributions of the symbiotic phages (phageome) to the disease are largely unknown. Here, using the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) model, we show that genotoxic bacterial metabolite released from bacteriome under illness condition induced the production of phages belonging to Microviridae family. Specifically, the neoantigen peptides from these expanded phages sharply increase inflammatory damage by promoting pro-inflammatory T cells.