A THOROUGH OVERVIEW OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND PREVENTION OF RHEUMATIC FEVER AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

Following infection with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), rheumatism is a systemic inflammatory connective tissue disease that primarily affects the cardiovascular system, particularly in children and adolescents. An autoimmune cross-reactivity between human tissues and streptococcal antigens causes the illness. Fibrotic and degenerative alterations in the myocardium and heart valves are part of the pathophysiology of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), which results in persistent cardiac dysfunction. To avoid problems and irreversible valve damage, early identification and treatment are crucial. Through prompt antibiotic medication, anti-inflammatory treatment, and long-term prophylaxis, the general practitioner plays a critical role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rheumatic fever and RHD. Living circumstances, overcrowding, and restricted access to healthcare are examples of social and environmental determinants of health that significantly affect the prevalence of rheumatic fever. With a focus on the significance of preventive care in primary health practice, this article provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic standards, clinical symptoms, and treatment approaches to rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.