Staking system and planting spacing in the asparagus bean production

ABSTRACT The optimization of plantation spacing, just like the use of staking plant systems, are cultural practices that have improved production efficiency of various kinds of vegetable. The aim of this study was to compare the asparagus bean cultivation conducted in different staking and spacing systems. The experiment was conducted in the design of randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (4x3) with four replicates. The first factor was constituted by four staking types [narrow ribbon vertical (FV), “V” normal (VN), inverted “V” (VI) and creeping (R)]. The second factor was constituted of three plant spacing (20, 40, and 60 cm), keeping constant the spacing of 1 m between crop rows. The evaluated characteristics were precocity (cultivation cycle); number of pods, mass of grains and pods per plant; length of pods; number of grains and mass of grains per pod; grain and pod yield. The gas exchange as well as the cost of deploying each of the treatments were also evaluated. The density of 50,000 plants/ha (spacing of 20 cm) provided the highest productivity in the FV and VI systems, with 9.10 and 6.72 t/ha, in addition to promoting higher net income to the producer, with averages of approximately 23 and 15 thousand R$ above R system. For the gas exchange variables, there was a reduction in net photosynthesis with density increase. The use of higher planting densities are indicated, combined with the use of FV and VI systems, in detriment to R system. The higher planting densities generate higher productivity and net income to the producer.摘要 与搭架栽培系统的应用类似，种植株距优化是一类可提升多种蔬菜生产效率的农艺栽培措施。本研究旨在对比不同搭架方式与株距配置下的长豇豆（asparagus bean）栽培模式。本试验采用4×3因子随机区组设计，设置4次重复。第一个因子为4种搭架方式：窄带垂直架（FV）、常规V型架（VN）、倒V型架（VI）及爬地架（R）；第二个因子为3种株距配置（20 cm、40 cm、60 cm），作物行间行距固定为1 m。本试验测定的性状包括：早熟性（生育周期）、单株荚数、单株籽粒质量与荚质量、荚长、单荚籽粒数与单荚籽粒质量、籽粒产量与荚果产量。此外，本试验还测定了气体交换参数及各处理的搭建成本。株距20 cm对应的种植密度为50000株/公顷，在窄带垂直架与倒V型架体系下可实现最高产量，分别达9.10 t/ha与6.72 t/ha；同时可为种植者带来更高净收益，较爬地架体系平均分别高出约2.3万与1.5万雷亚尔（R$）。气体交换参数方面，净光合速率随种植密度升高而降低。生产中推荐采用较高种植密度，并配合窄带垂直架与倒V型架体系，而非爬地架体系。较高的种植密度可提升作物产量与种植者净收益。