Ice nucleating particles measured in air, cloud and seawater at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO)@en

Ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the troposphere can form ice in clouds via heterogeneous ice nucleation. Yet, atmospheric number concentrations of INPs (NINP) are not well characterized and although there is some understanding of their sources, it is still unclear to what extend different sources contribute, nor if all sources are known. In this work, we examined properties of INPs at Cape Verde from different environmental compartments: namely, the oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML), underlying water (ULW), cloud water and the atmosphere close to both sea and cloud level. […]