Peer-to-peer multi-energy trading in a decentralized network

Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading has received a lot of attention in the last decade and recently there has been
growing interest in the evaluation of market design, classical methods, and novel approaches for multi-energy
trading. The existing literature only focused on electricity/electric-gas/electric-heat networks. Therefore, a
comprehensive analysis of P2P multi-energy trading (P2P-MET) in a decentralized network is required for the
multi-energy like electricity, hydrogen gas, and heat all in one framework for a sustainable future. This review
study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of P2P-MET in a decentralized network including layers-defined
multi-source network configurations, trading platforms, classical methods, novel approaches, and mechanisms.
Considering MET, the rising number of prosumers take advantage of the opportunity and make this complicated
decentralized network more complex. To handle the network complexities, smart contracts using distributed
ledger-based blockchain, novel algorithm-based game theory, and some other approaches are reviewed.
Furthermore, this review study covers the limitations, challenges, opportunities, and benefits of P2P-MET as well
as current trends and future directions for a better understanding of the readers. It concludes that P2P-MET using
blockchain/game theory in decentralized networks is alternatively better and more secure.