Runs of homozygosity analysis reveals population characteristics of yellow-feathered chickens using re-sequencing data

1. To evaluate the inbreeding of yellow-feathered chickens (YFCs) and identify genes related to their unique characteristics, whole-genome re-sequencing data were applied to detect runs of homozygosity (ROH) in the genomes of 10 YFC chickens from each of 10 different YFC breeds. The number, length, distribution of ROH, and inbreeding coefficient in different YFC populations were calculated. Genomic regions with high frequency in ROH were annotated. 2. In total, 25,547 ROH with an average length of 335 kb were detected, with most being &lt;1 Mb. The domination of short ROH reflected the long breeding history of this chicken. The number, length, frequency, and distribution of ROH varied among chicken populations, and high genetic diversity was maintained. 3. Numerous genes related to YFC characteristics were identified in the high-frequency ROH regions. Among these, <i>IFNA, IFNB, IL11 RA, IL22 RA1, IFNLR1</i>, and <i>TRIF</i> genes were involved in disease resistance. The <i>AMY, G6PC, SDHB, GCNT4</i>, and <i>ACO</i> genes were associated with energy material metabolism; and <i>FABPL, AQP7, ACAA2</i>, and <i>RYR2</i> were related to meat quality and flavour. The <i>KITLG, CREB3, RYR2</i>, and <i>LGR4</i> genes, related to pigmentation, were detected. 4. This ROH-based inbreeding evaluation lays the foundation for breeding and conservation of YFC populations, and the candidate genes identified can be used for marker-assisted selection.