Lithospheric Thickness Controls Asymmetric Mantle Plume Spreading and Metallogenesis in the Tarim Large Igneous Province–Central Asian Orogenic Belt System

Cleaned basalt geochemical dataset with missing values imputed using the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) method. The table contains sample geochemical compositions, machine-learning–based tectonic affinity classification results, and reconstructed lithospheric thickness estimates. The dataset is compiled from 75 published sources, with the reference order explicitly indicated within Dataset S1. All source publications are also cited in the main References section to ensure accessibility and reproducibility.