NERVOUS SYSTEM: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

This article provides a detailed description of the anatomical structure and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system, the most complex and important control system of the human body. The nervous system is the main tool that unites the activities of all organs and systems into a single whole, maintains the internal balance of the organism and ensures its adaptation to changes in the external environment. The main part of the text analyzes the specific properties of neurons, which are the structural units of the nervous system, their excitability and conductivity functions. Particular attention is paid to the functional division of the nervous system, namely the somatic (controlling voluntary movements) and vegetative (regulating the work of internal organs) systems. The relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the vegetative nervous system and their importance in maintaining homeostasis are scientifically substantiated. This material is intended for biology students, medical workers and a wide range of readers interested in human physiology. The information presented in it serves as a theoretical basis for understanding the causes of diseases related to the nervous system and their prevention.