Climate, snow, and soil moisture data set for the Tuolumne and Merced River watersheds, California, USA

UCM sites. Snow depth, soil moisture and soil temperature are measured
near the Merced Grove, Gin Flat, Smoky Jack Creek, and Olmsted Quarry with
a distributed array of 6-7 sensor nodes at each location. Snow depth is
measured in the open, at the drip edge and under canopies, as well as 3-4
other sites representative of an area of 1-2 hectares. Soil moisture and
temperature are measured at 10, 30, 60 and 90 cm depths coincident with
the three canopy snow depth nodes at each site. Raw data have been
processed to hourly level 1 (QA/QC) and level 2 (gap-filled, derived)
data. Time period: water year 2009 through water year 2014. SIO sites. Air
temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, precipitation (unheated
tipping bucket), fuel moisture, soil moisture and soil temperature are
measured at nine locations including four sites collocated with the UCM
sites. Air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, and
precipitation are located at the top of a 20-foot tower. Fuel moisture is
measured at the base of the tower a few centimeters from the soil surface
and soil moisture and temperature are measured at 10, 30, 60, and 90 cm
depths. Raw air temperature and relative humidity data have been processed
to hourly level 1 (QA/QC) and level 2 (gap-filled, derived) data. The
remaining data is available in raw format only. Time period: water year
2008 through water year 2014. Other climate sites. We assembled air
temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed and direction,
precipitation, and snow water equivalent data from available stations
operated by the California Department of Water Resources, NOAA Climate
Reference Network, Merced Irrigation District, NRCS Snotel Program, Hetch
Hetchy Water and Power, Pacific Gas & Electric, and the Bureau of
Land Management Fire Remote Access Weather Station network. Raw data have
been processed to hourly level 1 (QA/QC) and level 2 (gap-filled, derived)
data. Time period: water year 2010 through water year 2014. Spatial data.
We assembled static data layers in support of snow energy and mass balance
modeling over the Tuolumne and Merced watersheds, all in Universal
Transverse Mercator Zone 11 projection and a 1983 North American Datum.
Vector layers include Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)
format polygon shapefiles of the Merced and Tuolumne watersheds and a
point shapefile of all climate stations in this data set. 100-m raster
layers include a digital elevation model, a mask of the watersheds, and US
Forest Service Calveg-derived canopy cover, vegetation type, vegetation
height, canopy transmissivity to radiation, and the decay coefficient of
light transmissivity through the canopy.