Annual variation across functional traits: The effects of precipitation and land use on four wild bee species

Understanding the impacts of urbanization and climate change on organisms has become increasingly critical in ecology and conservation as these anthropogenic stressors negatively impact wildlife biodiversity, especially pollinators such as bees. We analyzed the demographic (abundance and sex ratio) and morphological (body size and wing wear) responses to urbanization and inter-annual variation of four common wild bee species across an urban gradient in Toronto, Canada. We observed more significant shifts in bee demography with inter-annual precipitation variation than with urbanization, with diverse patterns depending on species. The drier active season saw a decrease in abundance for Agapostemon virescens and Ceratina calcarata whereas Bombus impatiens and Xenoglossa pruinosa increased when compared to the previous year Wetter active seasons resulted in smaller body sizes and greater wing wear for all bee species examined. For larger bees (A. virescens, B. impatiens..., , # Annual variation across functional traits: The effects of precipitation and land use on four wild bee species

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3g1w](10.5061/dryad.w9ghx3g1w)

## Description of the data and file structure

This supplementary file contains metadata information and various statistical analyses using temperature variables for the sample region, as well as abundance, intertegular width (body size), and wing wear (foraging effort) for four bee species.

### Files and variables

#### File: ```Chau_et_al_2025_Ecological_Entomology_-_SupplementaryTables_-_UPDATED_Mar_04_2025.xlsx```

**Description:**

##### Supplementary Table S1 - Metadata

Characteristics of the four bee species in terms of sex, trap method to obtain the bee, location of sample site, and various functional traits of the bee (sociality, nesting, diet, flight, origin (endemism), head width, wing wear, intertegular distance, and categorizations of body size. Metadata also includes impervious surface % of the s...,