Population of Pakistan 1800-2020

In 1800, the population of the area of modern-day Pakistan was estimated to be just over 13 million. Population growth in the 19th century would be gradual in the region, rising to just 19 million at the turn of the century. In the early 1800s, the British Empire slowly consolidated power in the region, eventually controlling the region of Pakistan from the mid-19th century onwards, as part of the British Raj. From the 1930s on, the population's growth rate would increase as improvements in healthcare (particularly vaccination) and sanitation would lead to lower infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy.IndependenceIn 1947, the Muslim-majority country of Pakistan gained independence from Britain, and split from the Hindu-majority country of India. In the next few years, upwards of ten million people migrated between the two nations, during a period that was blemished by widespread atrocities on both sides. Throughout this time, the region of Bangladesh was also a part Pakistan (as it also had a Muslim majority), known as East Pakistan; internal disputes between the two regions were persistent for over two decades, until 1971, when a short but bloody civil war resulted in Bangladesh's independence. Political disputes between Pakistan and India also created tension in the first few decades of independence, even boiling over into some relatively small-scale conflicts, although there was some economic progress and improvements in quality of life for Pakistan's citizens. The late 20th century was also characterized by several attempts to become democratic, but with intermittent periods of military rule. Between independence and the end of the century, Pakistan's population had grown more than four times in total.Pakistan todaySince 2008, Pakistan has been a functioning democracy, with an emerging economy and increasing international prominence. Despite the emergence of a successful middle-class, this is prosperity is not reflected in all areas of the population as almost a quarter still live in poverty, and Pakistan ranks in the bottom 20% of countries according to the Human Development Index. In 2020, Pakistan is thought to have a total population of over 220 million people, making it the fifth-most populous country in the world.

公元1800年，现今巴基斯坦地区的居民估计超过1300万。19世纪，该地区的人口增长缓慢，至世纪之交时仅增至1900万。1800年代初期，大英帝国逐渐在该地区巩固权力，最终自19世纪中叶起控制了巴基斯坦地区，成为英属印度的组成部分。自1930年代起，随着医疗保健（尤其是疫苗接种）和卫生条件的改善，婴儿死亡率降低，人均寿命延长，人口增长率开始上升。1947年，穆斯林为主的巴基斯坦国家从英国独立，并与印度教为主的印度分道扬镳。在接下来的几年里，超过一千万人在两国之间迁移，这一时期因双方普遍的暴行而蒙羞。在此期间，孟加拉地区也是巴基斯坦的一部分（同样拥有穆斯林多数），被称为东巴基斯坦；两个地区之间的内部争端持续了二十余年，直至1971年，一场短暂但血腥的内战导致孟加拉独立。巴基斯坦与印度之间的政治争议也在独立后的前几十年里制造了紧张局势，尽管有时会爆发一些规模相对较小的冲突，但也取得了一些经济进步和公民生活质量改善。20世纪末，该地区还经历了多次尝试实现民主，但间或出现军事统治时期。独立至世纪末，巴基斯坦的总人口增长了四倍以上。自2008年以来，巴基斯坦已成为一个运作中的民主国家，拥有新兴经济体和日益增长的国际影响力。尽管中产阶级的成功崛起，但这种繁荣并未惠及所有人口，近四分之一的人仍生活在贫困之中，根据人类发展指数，巴基斯坦在全球国家中排名第20%以下。截至2020年，巴基斯坦的总人口估计超过2.2亿，使其成为世界上人口第五多的国家。