Data for "The Impact of System Softness on Haines Jumps in Porous Media"

This study investigates the effect of system softness on Haines jumps and drainage in porous media using microfluidics. A gas bubble with controlled volume is introduced into the liquid phase to create a soft system. A pore-scale analytical model incorporating softness is developed, and a dimensionless number is proposed to characterize it. Experiments in single pore throats, pores-in-series, and pore networks show that increased softness leads to longer jump distances and waiting times. In series pores, system softness determines the number of pores filled during a jump, while in networks, softness alters invasion dynamics but not the final saturation pattern.