Contrasting the evolution of gametologs and autosomal paralogs.

Gametologs were compared against similarly aged paralogs. Age was approximated by the rate of synonymous substitutions (KS); empirical distributions of KS for the autosomal paralogs, determined individually for each gametolog or gametolog pair were composed of all autosomal paralogs with a KS value within ��0.1 of the branch-specific or pairwise KS, respectively.athe nonsynonymous-to-synonymous rate ratio.bthe number of similarly aged paralogs (see Materials and Methods).cmedian KA/KS ratio for the similarly aged paralogs.dthe one-tailed empirical P value for the significance in difference between a value for gametologs and the median value for paralogs. P values shown in bold were significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.ethe model-averaged probability of KA/KS ratios being equal between the X and Y copies (see Materials and Methods).