Gene expression levels after TMAO treatment. Gene expression levels after TMAO treatment

TMAO is gut microbiota dependent metabolite catalyzed by monooxygenase FMO3 from TMA. TMAO is positively assocaited with different metabolic diseases such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. We used microarray to analyze the genes regulated by TMAO treatment in primary rat hepatocytes to further understand the mechanistic view of TMAO action. Overall design: Primary rat hepatocytes were isolated from male rat liver and treated with TMAO (50 μM) for 30 h or left untreated as control. Total RNA was extracted for microarray analysis. Three biological repeats have been performed.