Single-cell sequencing of tumor ecosystems in papillary thyroid carcinoma

The tumor ecosystem of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly characterized. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled transcriptomes of 158,577 cells from 11 patients’ paratumors, localized/advanced tumors, initially-treated/recurrent lymph nodes and radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory distant metastases, covering comprehensive clinical courses of PTC.Our study illuminates a comprehensive landscape of PTC ecosystem that suggests potential prognostic and therapeutic implications. Our work not only adds dimensions to the biological underpinnings of PTC heterogeneity, but also provides a benchmark dataset for this malignancy. In total, 23 fresh surgical specimens (7 primary tumors, 6 para-tumors, 8 metastatic LNs and 2 subcutaneous metastatic loci) were collected and subjected to scRNA-seq with 10X Genomics. **Submitter declares that the raw data have been deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa/) under submission number HRA001107.**