METHODS OF TEACHING THE CONCEPTS OF PERIMETER AND AREA IN PRIMARY GRADES

This article examines effective methods for teaching the concepts of perimeter and area in primary grades. The concepts of perimeter and area are important components of elementary mathematics because they help pupils understand geometric shapes, measurement, spatial relationships, and practical applications of mathematics. The article discusses the gradual introduction of these concepts through visual materials, practical activities, problem-solving tasks, measurement exercises, and interactive teaching methods. Particular attention is paid to distinguishing perimeter from area, developing pupils’ ability to apply formulas, and connecting mathematical concepts with everyday situations. The use of manipulatives, grid paper, geometric figures, group activities, and problem-based learning can increase pupils’ interest and improve their mathematical reasoning. The article also presents methodological recommendations for organizing lessons on perimeter and area in primary education.