Gene expression of LCLs, IPSCs, and CMs following 28 perturbations. Homo sapiens

Genetic effects on gene expression are often context-dependent. While many studies have considered either tissue-specific or condition-specific gene regulation, few have jointly evaluated their combined effect. Here we have reprogrammed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from six donors into induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), and further differentiated them into cardiomyocytes (CMs). We treated all cell types with 28 different treatments, including drugs, hormones, and environmental contaminants, and measured gene expression to identify changes in gene expression, splicing, and the genetic control of gene expression.