Data from: The phylogeny and biogeography of Hakea (Proteaceae) reveals the role of biome shifts in a continental plant radiation

The frequency of evolutionary biome shifts during diversification has
important implications for our ability to explain geographic patterns of
plant diversity. Recent studies present several examples of biome shifts,
but whether frequencies of biome shifts closely reflect geographic
proximity or environmental similarity of biomes remains poorly known. We
explore this question by using phylogenomic methods to estimate the
phylogeny of Hakea, a diverse Australian genus occupying a wide range of
biomes. Model-based estimation of ancestral regions indicates that Hakea
began diversifying in the Mediterranean biome of southern Australia in the
Middle Eocene – Early Oligocene, and dispersed repeatedly into other
biomes across the continent. We infer around 47 shifts between biomes.
Frequencies of shifts between pairs of biomes are usually similar to those
expected from their geographic connectedness or climatic similarity, but
in some cases are substantially higher or lower than expected, perhaps
reflecting how readily key physiological traits can be modified to adapt
lineages to new environments. The history of frequent biome-shifting is
reflected in the structure of present-day assemblages, which tend to be
more phylogenetically diverse than null-model expectations. The case of
Hakea demonstrates that the radiation of large plant clades across wide
geographic areas need not be constrained by dispersal limitation or
conserved adaptations to particular environments.