Data and code for: "Nighttime warming amplifies mortality in a reef-building coral adapted to extreme temperatures"

Data and code for manuscript titled "Nighttime warming amplifies mortality in a reef-building coral adapted to extreme temperatures" by Rich et al. This dataset includes biological data (coral population surveys), in situ temperature data, sea surface temperature data downloaded from NOAA Coral Reef Watch, and climate reanalysis data downloaded from ERA5. The file "Rich_et_al._nighttime_warming_scripts.R" provides code for R to analyze and plot the data provided in the datasets. Datasets begininng with "era5-" are files for individual parameters as either monthly means or hourly data. Hourly data are only for 2024 to compare between study different areas across the Red Sea. Monthly mean data are from across the central Red Sea basin and span from 1990-2024. The file "all_2m_temps_reduced_area.csv" is the only parameter (2m air temperature) for which hourly data was obtained for the wider Red Sea basin for the 1990-2024 period. This was done to manually calculate mean monthly temperature anomalies for daytime and nighttime periods separately. The two files "KAUST_CRW_SST_1986-2024.12.31.csv" and "RED_SEA_CRW_SST_2023_2024.csv" are SST downloaded from NOAA CRW. The first file is a smaller spatial area in the Red Sea but spans 1986-2024. The second file encompases are larger area of the Red Sea basin but is only for the years 2023-2024. These files also include Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) which are used in analyses in the manuscript. The file "temp_data.csv" is in situ temperature data measured at 10 minute frequency for 18 sites on reef flats of six reefs in the central Red Sea (model: Onset Hobo Pendent). The first column "Index" is the timestamp and other columns are individual sites with temperature data. There are three "zones" across six reefs for a combination of 18 sites (zones: exposed, midreef, and sheltered; reefs: as = Abu Shousha, af = Al Fahal, cw = Cement Wreck, sn = Shib Nazar, sr = Shark Reef, t = Tahala North). Loggers were deployed wrapped in tape or in fully shaded condititons and were cross-calibrated with high-precision logger models. The file "aqualink_al_fahal.csv" is data from a spotter buoy located near Al Fahal reef that measured a suite of parameters, including water depth (bottom pressure). The file "Stylophora_reef_flat_demographics.csv" consist of data from demographic surveys performed from 2020-2025. Each row is an indivdual coral colony counted within a transect (three transects per reef site). The column "Photo.area..cm2." gives the total area captured in each individual photo (reported by column "PhotoID"). "live.sa" gives the live surface area in square centimeters and "percent.live" reports partial mortality of each colony (i.e., 100 means no partial mortality observed). "logsize" is the log10 of the live.sa data. Given that each photo (and therefore transect) has slightly different areas, we standardized counts to number of corals per square meter to report changes in coral abundance. We performed 10000 bootstraps with replacement using all photos (n=30) per site to get estimates of colony density for each site and each year. The files that begin with "df_YEAR" are the results of 10000 bootstrapped iterations of the colony density estimates for each site (corals per square meter). The file "site_id.csv" is the site names for each site in the bootstrapped data. The file "overall_colony_declines.csv" is a concise summary of the mean bootstrapped colony density for each year.