Regulation of cytokines/chemokines by lidocaine in murine exudates

Mice were administered 1 mg zymosan by intraperitoneal injection in the absence or presence of lidocaine. Peritoneal lavages were obtained at 4 h and leukocytes enumerated. Cell-free fluids were collected and amounts of selected pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines determined by multiplexed sandwich ELISA. Results are expressed as “Ø”: no change, “–”: 0–20% reduction, “– –”: 20–40% reduction, and “– – –”: 40–60% reduction; and “+”: 0–20% increase, “++”: 20–40% increase, and “+++”: 40–60% increase of selective cytokine in the presence of lidocaine compared to mice injected with zymosan alone. Results represent mean from n = 3–4. *P≤0.05